Word Choice Where, Were and Were - Proofeds Writing Tips

Word Choice Where, Were and Were - Proofeds Writing Tips Word Choice: Where, We’re and Were Although where, were and were each have completely different meanings, some people seem to think they are interchangeable. However, making this error in a piece of academic writing will look bad to your reader, especially if you make repeated errors throughout your paper. Such mistakes can even undermine the content of your argument, so it’s a good idea to get a handle on what each of these words mean and when you should use them. Where (Location) The word where means is used when identifying a geographical place, location or circumstance. For instance, it can be used to ask a question about the position of something, like Where is my book? Alternatively, it can be used to specify or describe the location of something, as in, I left my book in the library where I do my research. Here, for example, identifying the where in the sentence shows that we are referring to a specific library (the one where the speaker does her research). In a more abstract sense, where can also be used to suggest holding a particular position or point of view on something. For example, we might say This is where we stand on the issue. We’re (We Are) The word we’re is a contraction of the two words we and are. It would be used in a sentence like this: We’re going to the grocery store. Please note, however, that contractions like were are generally considered informal, so shouldnt normally be used in academic writing. Were The word were is related to the verb be used when discussing the past. To be specific, it is the second person singular past, plural past, and past subjunctive of be. This might seem confusing, but if we break down what it actually means it becomes easier to understand. The second person singular pronoun, for instance, is you, while the plural past tense includes we, you and they. In all of these cases, were is effectively the past tense of are: Present Tense Past Tense First Person (Singular) I am†¦ I was†¦ First Person (Plural) We are†¦ We were†¦ Second Person (Singular and Plural) You are†¦ You were†¦ Third Person (Singular) He/she is†¦ He/she was†¦ Third Person (Plural) They are†¦ They were†¦ Were is also correct when referring to a plural noun in the past tense. It would therefore be used in a past tense sentence like As we were walking in the garden, butterflies were dancing through the air. The other usage of were which is as the past subjunctive of be and something which people often get wrong. The past subjunctive is mainly used when referring to a counterfactual possibility (i.e., something which could be true but isnt). For example, we could say, Were I to use grammar correctly, my grades would improve. The mistake people make here is using was instead of were in statements that start with if regarding the future. For instance, while many would say: If I was to pass my exam, I would be very happy. This is technically wrong. The correct formulation would be: If I were to pass my exam, I would be very happy.

Admin Assistants Develop your phone skills for the office

Admin Assistants Develop your phone skills for the office You may think having an excellent phone manner is an outdated relic- after all, wont everyone just email if they want something? Not necessarily- if youre in an admin or customer service field, talking on the phone might still be a part of your everyday reality. And even if youre not, a good phone manner never goes out of style and can add a veneer of professionalism to your image in whatever job you do.Here are a few tips on how to be a boss at manning ye olde telephone.Have a formal greeting.Unless you know it’s your coworker Bob, or your spouse, or your boss calling you back after getting disconnected, come up with a professional way to answer calls. Be polite and informative: â€Å"Good morning/afternoon/evening. [Name of Company.] [Your name] speaking .† If you’re serving in an operator capacity, you can add something along the lines of â€Å"How may I direct your call?† It may seem silly, but it helps to think of a few variations and try them out lou d to pick the one that comes most naturally.Only answer if youre ready to talk.That means answering promptly (not making someone wait for 14 rings), but also making sure not to answer if you have your mouth full of coffee or lunch or if there’s a big commotion going on at your desk. If someone is calling you they want to you to hear what they have to say and respond with clarity.Take excellent messages.If you’re answering the phone for more than just yourself, make sure you take good messages. Work out with your boss the exact information you should get from everyone who calls. Never be too shy to ask for spelling clarification on a name or email address, or return phone number information.Leave excellent messages.If you hit an answering machine, speak slowly and clearly. Give your name and contact info at the beginning and again at the end so the person jotting down your details won’t have to listen to the whole thing again to get your number if they missed it at the beginning. Be succinct, but don’t leave out any important or relevant details- such as the reason for your call. Spell things you think might be garbled, especially by bad cell reception.Charm and disarm.Anger and frustration can magnify over the phone, especially when you cant throw an empathetic facial expression the way of someone ranting and raving. If youre in a position to deal with difficult or outraged clients or customers, youll have to pacify with your words. First and foremost, let the person know youre listening (I hear how upset you are and I understand why.). Then, let him or her know you will try to get to the root of the problem and fix it. Shouting back and getting snippy or curt will not help- it will usually only incense the caller more. Most people just want to be heard.Use names.Whenever possible, throw in the name of the person you are speaking to. Addressing someone this way makes a professional conversation feel more personal and less remote. Yo u don’t have to feel distant just because you’re not in the room together. And this goes both ways- make sure to always identify yourself early on with your own full name!Be sincere and kind.Having a good phone manner doesn’t mean being a phony. Sure, you should be cheerful, enunciate clearly, and speak articulately, but don’t put on a persona that isn’t anything like your true self. Be the best and brightest professional version of yourself while being as genuine and as frank as possible.  People can hear a lot of body language through the phone, and smiling is the clearest way to communicate positivity.

Write a humorous speech ( could be an informative or persuasive Essay

Write a humorous speech ( could be an informative or persuasive speech) - Essay Example I-C-E. These three letters spell out the torment caused by the Frozen Menace. I shall discuss each of them in turn, and ask only that you cast off the blinkers put upon you by those who would see us kept frozen in our positions. Let us see the truth! The only thing worse about getting up on Monday morning to go to a mundane job is getting up on Monday morning to go to a mundane job and be faced with the need to chisel the half-inch-thick layer of ice that coated your car overnight. Add to that the necessity of allotting sometimes double or even triple the normal commute time, as stated by the Rochester Institute of Technology. If a person were to coat your car in such a way, he or she would be charged with some sort of criminal mischief. And if a person were to render a highway unsafe for thousands of people? Surely the arm of the law would not be able to wait to get its hands on such a vandal. Ice, however, is let off scot-free. The double-standard is heart-breaking. After spending a numb-fingered 30 minutes uncovering your door handle with a chiseling fury that would impress even Michelangelo, you now face the rest of the world and its apparent inability to recognize that a) the roads are slick, and b) due to such, they should perhaps hang up their cell phones and slow down a little bit. These poor citizens should not bear the blame wholly, for it is indeed the savage effects of the ice that turns vehicles of transportation into bumper cars. Ices timing is heartless, to say the least. During the holiday season when gifts are being bought and savings are being depleted, ice adds automobile repair to the already over-laden plate (Fiegerman). Accidents need not be only vehicular in nature. Nay, accidents also include those dignity-bruising falls that only happen when there are many witnesses available. Direct bodily harm inflicted upon another would get any person a swift trip to the local jail, even if the victim suffered little more than a

Summary and critical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Summary and critical analysis - Essay Example Experience significantly shapes expert progress. It adds to professional and educational qualifications to improve the abilities of the designer with time. Experience is attained through practical performance such as during internships. Internships offer chances for designers to carry out project work. If a student shows excellent ability during internships, employment can be secured from it. Education qualifications are tested through actual work and familiarity. Once education and experience required are obtained, a designer becomes eligible to sit examinations to certify that the minimum competencies to be a member of the profession have been met. Such exams are administered by selected bodies such as the NCDI. Passing the examination entitles one to be licensed to practice and issued with a practicing certificate. From then, an individual can continue professional advancement by joining relevant professional bodies such as the American Association of Interior Designers and the International Interior Design Association. Members enjoy benefits such as sharing of knowledge, prestige, and advocating for rights of designers. Finally, a designer can engage in social responsibility to give back to the profession and the society in contribution to professional development. It can be done in various ways such as training interns and participating in design competitions among other voluntary

Esperanza of The House on Mango Street Essay Example for Free

Esperanza of The House on Mango Street Essay The House on Mango Street is a collection of musings of a young female named Esperanza. The main character and the direction of the stories is revealed in the first story. It is in The House on Mango Street that Sandra Cisnero sets Esperanza up as a young girl dreaming of a brighter future and yet floored on the realities of her situation. The first story introduces Esperanza as someone who plans on escaping the place where she is growing up. She is old enough to understand that the promises of her parents about the temporariness of their house are not going to be fulfilled any time soon. She is, however, young enough to believe that physically leaving Mango Street will mean a complete escape from the things that Mango Street and their house represent. The youthfulness of Esperanza is shown in Hairs where she describes her family and herself through a description of the type of hair each had. She tells about still being comforted by her mother’s presence beside her in their bed. It is also in this story that one understands Esperanza’s personality. She is free-spirited and hard to tame, like her hair. But she is clearly in the process of developing into a woman as she expresses her emotions for her mother’s hair – the hair of a truly ladylike woman. Esperanza is shown here to be in the transitional period of developing from a child into a complete lady. She most probably would be in her teenage years. The emotional and personal development of Esperanza is also seen in My Name. When she speaks of not wanting to be like her grandmother – a woman beside the window, trapped – she shows that she is already capable of deciding for herself the future she wants to have. She also shows her knowledge about the outside world when she speaks of the Chinese culture and its possible similarities with the Mexican culture. She also shows a deeper understanding of society when she explains how Chinese culture and Mexican culture do not want their women strong which is why they do not give them strong names. Her reference to women being suppressed and kept from being strong also shows that she is aware of this bias. She is clearly developing emotionally because she can formulate for herself judgments about the things that occur in the society she lives in. In this part of the stories, My Name, Esperanza demonstrates development from being the young girl who dreams of escaping her house because she wants more space to the teen who wants change because she no longer agrees with the things around her. She wants to change her name insisting that it does not refer to the â€Å"real her†. She wants a life that is different from her grandmother’s. The aspirations of Esperanza in this part have developed. From a house with more bedrooms and bathrooms, Esperanza now aspires for more abstract concepts – independence, choice, freedom. In the final parts of the stories, Esperanza seems to have finally developed into a wiser and more practical woman. She realizes that escaping Mango Street is not something she can do physically for the moment. She decides to write instead. This allows her release from the frustrations she feels for the place she lives in. Esperanza understands now that Mango Street is a part of her life and will continue to be so even after she leaves it. She seems to have made peace with herself and instead of continually trying to push for a way out, she now focuses on ways to improve herself. This is, according to her, the way to finally be able to leave Mango Street. Her wisdom is seen when she states that only in leaving Mango Street, improving herself somewhere else, and coming back to Mango Street can she truly be able to help those who do not have the ability to leave. Her goals are now realigned to include those in her community. Esperanza completes her journey from childhood to young adulthood in the pages of The House on Mango Street. She forms a clearer view of who she really is through her experiences in her house and grows emotionally as well. The maturity of Esperanza is seen not only in her thoughts but in the observations she has made from her neighborhood. She has learned from the lives of those around her and has grown from the lessons she gathered.

Dracula Essay -- essays research papers

Violence and Power Within Dracula's Grasp Throughout many types of literature, violence exists to enhance the readers interest in order to add a sense of excitement or conflict to a novel. This statement withholds much truthfulness due to the fact that without violence in a piece of literature such as Dracula by Bram Stoker, the plot would not have the same impact if it was lacking violence. Dracula's power and evilness led to the violent happenings which began with the conflict of Jonathan's inner struggle, as compared to the conflict which blossomed later on with good versus evil. One case of violence that had occurred, not just for its own sake, happened in chapter seven, where it stated in the log of the "Demeter", "On 14 July was somewhat anxious about crew. Men all steady fellows, who sailed with me before. Mate could not make out what was wrong; they only told him there was something, and crossed themselves. Mate lost temper with one of them that day and struck him. Expected fierce quarrel, but all was quiet"(pg.87). Therefore, this type of violence rarely ever occurred before; thus, this action was foreshadowing evil. Eventually, this evil took place when poor old Mr. Swales was found dead with his neck broken. Mina Murry wrote in her journal about the incident, "...poor old Mr. Swales was found dead this morning on our seat, his neck being broken. He had evidently, as the doctor sa...

Montessori, Reggio, High/Scope

Montessori, Reggio Emilia and High /Scope are approaches used in early childhood education. They are some of the best approaches known so far. The learners needs are properly considered, and environmental awareness is emphasized. Independence of the child is also put into consideration. A child’s independence is nurtured, and is allowed to work as a researcher. In these approaches the teachers become facilitators, partnerand co-learners (Curtis &Ohagan, 2001).Montessori is an approach in early childhood education, which was started by Dr.Maria Montessori in 1900s. She was an Italian physician and educator. It is an approach whose methods are both of educational as well as methodology philosophy. It involves schools which are preschools or elementary schools in level. It begins with infants and ends at 12th grade. It also lays emphasis on child’s independence and child’s initiative. Two trained teachers are assigned each classroom (Abbot & Maylett, 1999).In Reggio Emilia it refers to the education based on relationships. It was started in 1963 in Reggio Emilia, Italy. One of its educational philosophies is from which a kid derives guidance as well as inspiration in choosing learning materials and toys. It was first started by people who decided to build their children’s future after or in the past World War II, by selling the old army tanks and used the money to build pre schools. It is an approach which puts children first and the environment should beautifully designed, inspiring and peaceful. It  Ã‚   tries to act as a teacher in its self to children and family (Morgan, 1999).The philosophy of this Reggio Emilia focuses on the child as a leader. The pioneers of this approach tried as much as possible to put themselves in the shoes of the children. It lays a strong emphasis on children’s documentation as well as analysis of the children, as well as their conversation with friends, schoolmates and teachers.High/ scope approa ch was started in United States in 1960s. It is a method of early childhood education which is about running of nursery schools or kindergarten. It is common in U.S and other countries. In this approach children are involved actively in their own learning. The teachers in this case see themselves as partners or facilitators than supervisors or managers. It is an approach which involves water play, sand play, writing, reading, role play e.t.c.   Normally children play in small groupsOne of the attributes which I identify is that of laying an emphasis on the child’s independence. Another one is that of involving or taking a child as a researcher. I believe those two attributes would be useful for me to incorporate in my teachings and learning contexts. In Montessori they lay emphasis on a child’s independence. In Reggio Emilia they take a child as a researcher (Morgan, 1999).In my classroom situation, I expect to let the children experiment for themselves, explore and reason out just as researchers do. On the side of the independence, I expect the children to work independently without any interference what so ever (Moon, Ben-peretz &Brown, 2000).Independence as an attribute will in the first place help the growing child to grow up into a responsible adult or person. A child becomes someone who easily works on his own, someone who knows what is expected of him or her. Such children through this attribute they grow up to know what is always expected of them. They in most cases become loving, responsive and responsible people. The environment becomes somewhere where the children cannot get lost since they have learnt to be independent all along. The teacher in this case becomes a facilitator into responsible parenthood (Morgan, 1999).As an independent person, the child becomes a person of virtues. Someone who loves peace, does not associate with violence, someone with a reconstructive mind and natural intelligence. The child remains at peace with n ature and God or rather spiritual matters. The child tends to have freedom of choice. In this case children become social beings as well as people who develop rationality in problem solving. They become co-operative in social relations, they become imaginative and lovers of beauty or aesthetic value. And they tend to have cultural knowledge which is complex.A child becomes an explorer. There is a lot that exploration has done to humanity; as such the children in this case develop into useful beings to who help in the exploration of this vast and natural world. The child becomes curious, intelligent and full of wonder. A child who grows to know better child and deserves a better place on this planet. Each child becomes very useful member when they grow up in exploring and investigating. In this case the teacher only nurtures, becomes a partner and a guide to a child,. As such children tend to have ready solutions to problems even of their own making (Abbot &Maylett, 1999).Another mos t important thing that a child acquires while being independent is self direction. The children also tend to get confidence and inner discipline. As such the children become able to function normally and live harmoniously with every one as well as their natural environment (Morgan, 1999).The second attribute when the learner is taken as a researcher, it remains important because here the learner becomes a thinker. The learning tends to be a continuous thinking. The children tend to question anything they see; they hypothesize solutions, they predict outcomes, they experiment and reason over their own discoveries, as a result they expand their own thinkingThese children who become thinkers, this becomes a strong and firm foundation for them to become philosophers like Socrates. The importance of philosophy in mankind is widely known and accepted; as such this becomes a very important beginning for them. The child tends to have strength, potential and competence. The child also throug h this attribute tends to make a lot of sense of the world around him.This attribute also gives a child a room to become a better and reliable scientist in future. Today’s world is a world of science, science has done a lot that is beyond just mere talking, science rules the world, and so the children who pass through this attribute of Reggio Emilia will become very useful members in our society; and through the physical interaction with the environment, together with the mental interaction they manage to construct knowledge. Knowledge construction can not come easily to child unless he knows how to experiment and hypothesize (Morgan, 1999).And through this attribute a child does not only become curious, creative, competent, powerful and of full potential, he also manages to realize his rights as well as other opportunities, which way be available. As such the instructor becomes a collaborator as well as a co- learner.This attributes I recommend it for all children who have a ttained the school going age. It is very useful attribute and it can really do wonders for a young child. When the child grows up and is mature enough to know and understand the world around him he can do a lot both for himself and humanity as a whole.As an attribute that make children think it not only helps them to become philosophers but helps them in their everyday life; philosophers are lovers of knowledge and so the children tend to become also lovers of knowledge and people who promote reaching culture (Curtis &Ohagan, 2001)Another very important part of Reggio Emilia approach, especially this attribute where the leaner is taken as a researcher is one area of creativity. This attributes makes the children to be highly creative in their learning. It is very possible because teachers play a very important role of being an endless source of provocations as well as possibilities as such the learners see solutions to their   problems and also their curiosity and awareness widen. The teachers also tend to provide related experiences as well as materials, which the children use in learning, and so this kind of learning does not become an ordinary kind of learning. In this attribute, the children’s emotional needs are also put into consideration.It is therefore a better attribute in a flexible approach. The learner receives from the world so much that his presence is noticed and that he feels respected and valued. And the classroom atmosphere of joy as well as playfulness prevails in this attributes. A strong link is formed between teachers and the learners through time consciousness; about three hours are allocated for learners to be with their teachers throughout. Through this the children learn at an early stage in life how to mange their time properly. They develop early some sense for time management (Moon, Ben-peretz & Brown, 2000)As they also incorporate their memories actively in learning the learner gains a lot by reaching his full potential i n a way which could not be thought possible. The child becomes aware of himself as a whole person. An individual able to achieve, do things, reason out and participate actively in any activity given by all teachers is someone with a direction, as such the leaner becomes in a way fully in control of his own destiny (Abbot &Maylett, 1999).Both of these attributes, the one of independence and taking a child as a researcher, have an excellent philosophy of idealism. There may be no perfect beings but some people are more â€Å"perfect† than others, and so the degree of perfection that any learner attains though these attributes far surpasses many other attributes in other approaches which are known already.In these two attributes the leaner realizes very strongly about the kind of knowledge which is does not come from ones senses. They experience it, and learn it in a better way though these two attributes and so they are the two best for our children who learn through Montessori approach and Reggio Emilia approach.In Montessori, there is a strong emphasis on the school environment, and so is in this best attribute of independence which I have selected, in this case This system does not deduce that a child already knows everything. It believes, in teaching and letting the leaner know what he does not know. And so the student grows knowing that these are other things to learn or know. The case is the same with the Reggio Emilia approach the two systems consider the learner as the most important person and so everything that is to be taught must also be important and useful to the learner even after school.In both of these systems the teachers sweat and struggle to see into it that the learner becomes a better person in as much as possible, and so it should not matter to parents whether these systems are expensive or not. The parents should know that they pay for what is worth being paid for. (Morgan, 1999)The two systems are obviously quite outstanding in th eir attributes and so they deserve to be emulated by all. They display some unique understandings and for sure I recommend them for any parent. Under the two approaches there is just a lot that has been taken care of. If there is any known safety of the lives of our young ones, then it is in the two attributes of Montessori and Reggio Emillia, which are discussed in this report (Morgan, 1999).If only we can all assume that our children do not know everything, then we shall always have something to teach them. Just as the two systems assume and they are the best after comparing them with others.References Abbott, L and Maylett, H (1999); Early Education Transformed; Former press. LondonCurtis, A and Ohagan, M 🙠 2001) Came and Education in Early Childhood: A Student Guide to Theory and practice. Rountledge Falmer. London and New YorkMoon, B, Ben – peretz, M and Brown, S 🙠 2000): Routledge inert national Companion to Education. London and New York.Morgan (1999); The Imagination of Early Childhood Education Bargin & Garvey; Westport London.

Be the Change You Wish to See in the World Essay

Gandhi said, â€Å"Be the change you wish to see in the world.† You have the power within you to create the life you want to live. You have the power to shape the world around you just by who you are being, and how you are communicating. The law of attraction, one of the fundamental aspects to living a life by design, explains that everything that is created in the outside world is the result of what takes place internally. Being the change you wish to see in the world starts with taking full responsibility for everything that is happening in your life. The first Law of Supreme Influence states, â€Å"I create my reality.† Creating your life by design means taking full ownership and total personal accountability for where you are right now. By accepting that you are fully â€Å"at cause† for your life, you access the wisdom to recognize how your moment-to-moment thoughts, words, and actions create the results you experience. Each of us is the author and architect of the results we experience. Every thought we have, word we speak (whether to ourselves or out loud), and action we take is like planting a seed; a seed that will germinate and grow when the appropriate conditions are present. Like farmers carefully planting the next harvest, we reap the effects of having sown the seeds of past thoughts and behaviors. There are no idle thoughts! Everything we see, and everything we experience has its origin and cause in the realm of thought. Understanding this phenomenon is the beginning of true wisdom. In life, you either get results or you give reasons, there is no in between. When you get a result and own it, whether you perceive it to be desirable or not, you become empowered through the wisdom that is found in recognizing how your thoughts, words, and actions create the results you receive. Owning your results is living â€Å"at cause†, giving reasons only initiates the opportunity to create similar results in the future. Any time someone gives a reason, even when it seems to be real and true, it leads to a loss of personal power. Giving reasons assumes what is happening outside of you is more powerful than your ability to transform it. And that is not true! You have the power to shift your world. It begins with you! Here are a few red flags that will illuminate anytime you’ve momentarily forgotten your creative power. Anytime you catch yourself blaming, minimizing, denying, or justifying – let it serve as a signal to bring your awareness to the present moment and come back to â€Å"cause.† As soon as you catch yourself, you can make a new choice. This gives you freedom! Being at cause for what occurs in your life gives you power, supporting you on your journey to be the change you wish to see in the world

Judith Sargent Murray, Early Feminist and Writer

Judith Sargent Murray, Early Feminist and Writer Judith Sargent Murray (May 1, 1751–July 6, 1820) was an early American feminist who wrote essays on  political, social, and religious themes. She was also a gifted poet and dramatist, and her letters, some recently discovered, give insight into her life during and after the American Revolution.  She is especially known for her essays about the American Revolution under the pseudonym The Gleaner and for her feminist essay, On the Equality of the Sexes.   Fast Facts: Judith Sargent Murray Known For: Early feminist essayist, poet, novelist, and dramatistBorn: May 1, 1751 in Gloucester, MassachusettsParents: Winthrop Sargent and Judith SaundersDied: July 6, 1820 in Natchez, MississippiEducation: Tutored at homePublished Works: On the Equality of the Sexes, Sketch of the Present Situation in America, Story of Margaretta, Virtue Triumphant, and The Traveller ReturnedSpouse(s): Captain John Stevens (m. 1769–1786); Rev. John Murray (m. 1788–1809).Children: With John Murray: George (1789) who died as an infant, and a daughter, Julia Maria Murray (1791–1822) Early Life Judith Sargent Murray was born Judith Sargent on May 1, 1751, in Gloucester, Massachusetts, to shipowner and merchant Captain Winthrop Sargent (1727–1793) and his wife Judith Saunders (1731–1793). She was the oldest of the eight Sargent children. At first, Judith was educated at home and learned basic reading and writing. Her brother Winthrop, who was intended to go to Harvard, received a more advanced education at home, but when their parents recognized Judiths exceptional abilities she was allowed to share Winthrops training in classical Greek and Latin. Winthrop went did go on to Harvard, and Judith later noted that she, being female, had no such possibilities. Her first marriage, on October 3, 1769, was to Captain John Stevens, a well-to-do sea captain and trader. They had no children but adopted two of her husbands nieces and one of her own, Polly Odell. Universalism In the 1770s, Judith Stevens turned away from the Calvinism of the Congregational church she was raised in and became involved in Universalism. Calvinists said that only believers could be saved, and nonbelievers were doomed. In contrast, Universalists believed that all human beings could be saved and all people were equal. The movement was brought to Massachusetts by Rev. John Murray, who arrived in Gloucester in 1774, and Judith and her families the Sargents and the Stevens converted to Universalism. Judith Sargent Stevens and John Murray began a long correspondence and respectful friendship: in this she defied custom, which suggested it was suspect for a married woman to correspond with a man who was unrelated to her. By 1775, the Stevens family had fallen into serious  financial difficulties when the American Revolution interfered with shipping and trade, difficulties that may have been heightened by Stevens mismanagement of finances. To help out, Judith began writing; her first poems were written in 1775. Judiths first essay was Desultory Thoughts upon the Utility of Encouraging a Degree of Self-Complacency, Especially in Female Bosoms, which was published in 1784 under the pseudonym Constancia in the Boston periodical, Gentleman and Ladys Town and Country Magazine.  In 1786, Captain Stevens, to avoid debtors prison and in hopes of turning his finances around, sailed to the West Indies, but he died there in 1786. After the death of Captain Stevens, the friendship between John Murray and Judith Stevens blossomed into courtship, and on October 6, 1788, they married.   Travel and a Widening Sphere Judith Sargent Murray accompanied her new husband on many of his preaching tours, and they counted among acquaintances and friends many early leaders of the United States, including John and Abigail Adams, Benjamin Franklins family, and Martha Custis Washington, with whom they sometimes stayed. Her letters describing these visits and her correspondence with friends and relatives are invaluable in understanding the daily life in the federal period of American history. Throughout this period, Judith Sargent Murray wrote poetry, essays, and drama: some biographers suggest the loss of her son in 1790 and her own survival of what would be called postpartum depression today spurred a burst of creativity. Her essay, On the Equality of the Sexes, written in 1779, was finally published in 1790. The essay challenges the prevailing theory that men and women are not intellectually equal, and among all of her writings, that essay established her as an early feminist theorist. She added a letter including her interpretation of the biblical Adam and Eve story, insisting that Eve was equal, if not superior, to Adam. Her daughter, Julia Maria Murray, was born in 1791. Essays and Drama In February, 1792, Murray began a series of essays for the Massachusetts Magazine titled The Gleaner (also her pseudonym), which focused on the politics of the new nation of America as well as religious and moral themes, including womens equality.  One of her common early topics was the importance of educating female children- Julia Maria was 6 months old when her mother began her column. Her novel, The Story of Margaretta, was written in a series among The Gleaner essays. It is the tale of a young woman who falls prey to a sinister lover and rejects him, and she is portrayed not as a fallen woman but rather as an intelligent heroine who is capable of forging an independent life for herself. The Murrays moved from Gloucester to Boston in 1793, where together they founded a Universalist congregation. Several of her writings reveal her role in shaping the tenets of Universalism, which was the first American religion to ordain women. Murray wrote drama first in response to a call for original work by American writers (also directed to her husband, John Murray), and though her plays did not find critical acclaim, they did achieve some popular success. Her first play was The Medium: or Virtue Triumphant, and it opened and quickly closed on the Boston stage. It was, however, the first play dramatized there by an American author. In 1798, Murray published a collection of her writings in three volumes as The Gleaner. She thereby became the first American woman to self-publish a book.  The books were sold on subscription, to help support the family.  John Adams and George Washington were among the subscribers.  In 1802 she helped to found a school for girls in Dorchester. Later Life and Death John Murray, whose health had been frail for some time, had a stroke in 1809 that paralyzed him for the rest of his life.  In 1812, her daughter Julia Maria married a wealthy Mississippian named Adam Louis Bingaman, whose family had contributed somewhat to his education while he lived with Judith and John Murray. By 1812, the Murrays were experiencing painful financial issues. Judith Murray edited and published John Murrays letters and sermons that same year, as Letters and Sketches of Sermons. John Murray died in 1815, and in 1816, Judith Sargent Murray published his autobiography, Records of the Life of the Rev. John Murray. In her last years, Judith Sargent Murray continued her correspondence with her family and friends; her daughter and husband supported her financially in her later life, and she moved to their home in Natchez, Mississippi in 1816. Judith Sargent Murray died on July 6, 1820, in Natchez at the age of 69. Legacy Judith Sargent Murray was largely forgotten as a writer until late in the 20th century. Alice Rossi resurrected On the Equality of the Sexes for a collection called The Feminist Papers  in 1974, bringing it to wider attention. In 1984, Unitarian Universalist minister, Gordon Gibson, found Judith Sargent Murrays letter books in Natchez, Mississippi- books into which she kept copies of her letters. (They are now in the Mississippi Archives.) She is the only woman from that period of time for whom we have such letter books, and these copies have allowed scholars to discover much about not only Judith Sargent Murrays life and ideas, but also about daily life in the time of the American Revolution and early Republic. In 1996, Bonnie Hurd Smith founded the Judith Sargent Murray Society to promote Judiths life and work. Smith provided useful suggestions for details in this profile, which also drew on other resources about Judith Sargent Murray. Sources Field, Vena Bernadette. Constantia: A Study of the Life and Works of Judith Sargent Murray, 1751-1920. Orono: University of Maine Studies, 2012.Harris, Sharon M., ed. Selected Writings of Judith Sargent Murray. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.Murray, Judith Sargent [as Constancia]. The Gleaner: A Miscellaneous Production, Volumes 1–3. Boston: J. Thomas and E.T. Andrews, 1798.Rossi, Alice S., ed. The Feminist Papers: From Adams to de Beauvoir. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1973.Smith, Bonnie Hurd. Judith Sargent Murray and the Emergence of an American Womens Literary Traditions. Farmington Hills, Michigan: Gale Researcher Guide, 2018.Kritzer, Amelia Howe. â€Å"Playing with Republican Motherhood: Self-Representation in Plays by Susanna Haswell Rowson and Judith Sargent Murray.† Early American Literature 31.2, 1996. 150–166.  Ã‚  Skemp, Sheila L. First Lady of Letters: Judith Sargent Murray and the Struggle for Female Independence. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009.

How to Use Raoults Law to Calculate Vapor Pressure Change

How to Use Raoult's Law to Calculate Vapor Pressure Change This example problem demonstrates how to use Raoults Law to calculate the change in vapor pressure by adding a nonvolatile liquid to a solvent. Problem What is the change in vapor pressure when 164 g of glycerin (C3H8O3) is added to 338 mL of H2O at 39.8 Â °C.The vapor pressure of pure H2O at 39.8 Â °C is 54.74 torrThe density of H2O at 39.8 Â °C is 0.992 g/mL. Solution Raoults Law can be used to express the vapor pressure relationships of solutions containing both volatile and nonvolatile solvents. Raoults Law is expressed byPsolution ÃŽ §solventP0solvent wherePsolution is the vapor pressure of the solutionÃŽ §solvent is mole fraction of the solventP0solvent is the vapor pressure of the pure solvent Determine the Mole Fraction of Solution molar weightglycerin (C3H8O3) 3(12)8(1)3(16) g/molmolar weightglycerin 36848 g/molmolar weightglycerin 92 g/molmolesglycerin 164 g x 1 mol/92 gmolesglycerin 1.78 molmolar weightwater 2(1)16 g/molmolar weightwater 18 g/moldensitywater masswater/volumewatermasswater densitywater x volumewatermasswater 0.992 g/mL x 338 mLmasswater 335.296 gmoleswater 335.296 g x 1 mol/18 gmoleswater 18.63 molÃŽ §solution nwater/(nwater nglycerin)ÃŽ §solution 18.63/(18.63 1.78)ÃŽ §solution 18.63/20.36ÃŽ §solution 0.91 Find the Vapor Pressure of the Solution Psolution ÃŽ §solventP0solventPsolution 0.91 x 54.74 torrPsolution 49.8 torr Find the Change in Vapor Pressure Change in pressure is Pfinal - POChange 49.8 torr - 54.74 torrchange -4.94 torr Answer The vapor pressure of the water is reduced by 4.94 torr with the addition of the glycerin.

Analysis of Form Motors Company Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis of Form Motors Company - Research Paper Example After a period of about ten years, the company began its assembly line notion of producing cars which led to the rapid expansion of the company (Cook, 2010). When Henry approached the age of 40, he created the Ford Company and its control has since remained within his family for the past century (Ford, 2007). The company has witnessed several developments since its establishment by introducing the first cars with engines having removable cylinder heads in the year 1908 and safety glasses in their windshields in the year 1930 (Banham, 2002). In the year 1932, the Ford Company then introduced vehicles that were powered using V8 engines that were low priced (Cook, 2010). From the year 1952, the Company started offering packages for life safety that included items like steering wheels that had deep-dishes, rear seatbelts and padded dashes for the first time in vehicles. The Company then started producing its Mustang brand in the year 1964 and the reminder light on seat belts in the follo wing year (Geyer, 2011). In the mid 1990’s, the Company sold very many vehicles since the country’s economy was performing well. ... The company was established by Henry Ford and was later on incorporated in the year 1903 on June 16th (Geyer, 2011). The company has purchased stakes in the Mazda Company located in Japan along with the Aston Martin Company that is located in the United Kingdom. The company additionally controls the Ford and Lincoln brands. However, the company is mainly controlled by members of the Ford family which owns the majority of the shares at the company (Ford, 2007). Through the usage of elaborate engineering manufacturing sequences referred to as assembly lines, the company was able to initiate the large scale manufacture of vehicles along with the management of their large workforce (Geyer, 2011). The company has risen over the years to become the second largest producer of automobiles in America and the fifth largest in the world. The Ford Company has opened manufacturing plants in many parts around the globe including China, Mexico, Turkey, Germany, Australia, Brazil, South Africa, Arge ntina along with Canada and the United Kingdom. The company employs over 165,000 workers and over seventy manufacturing plants around the globe. It additionally own subsidiary companies in countries such as China, Brazil and Mexico (Cook, 2010). Future Plans The Company’s mission statement states that Ford will work as one team, under one plan and with one goal of achieving profitability while remaining relevant to the market (Banham, 2002). It stipulates that the Company’s staff will work together as one team in order to achieve global leadership in their industry which will measured through their customer, suppliers, employees, unions, investor along with the society’s satisfaction. Their unified plan implies that they will aggressively restructure their operations for the